Methods of takeoff quantities – Explanation with solved problem
Quantity Takeoff Depending on the shape or design of a building the method of taking out quantities also varies. Here, I describe the more common methods of taking out quantities…
Sieve Analysis – Particle size analysis procedure
Methods Of Sieve Size Analysis Determination of article size is more important in Civil Engineering, as the particle size determines the effectiveness of final product. The characters of particle such…
Optical measurement method
What is optical measurement method? Optical measurement method is also known as tacheometry method or stadia method. Optical measurement is inspection of measurement with the help of telescope and then…
Electronic Distance Measuring Method – EDM
What is EDM? To simplify the procedures to obtain accuracy in surveying, the electronic distance measuring method was introduced. Here the distance is measured with the help of electro-magnetic waves…
Classification of soil – USDA, AASHTO, Unified classification methods
What is soil and why it should be classified? Soil is a natural element of the earth and also a mixture of organic, inorganic materials together with gasses and liquids.…
Linear measurement – Types, instruments and common errors
Linear measurement In engineering survey, the linear horizontal distance is to be measured to complete a survey. The measurement of this linear horizontal distance between two points on the earth…
Land Surveing – Surveying types
What is surveying? Surveying is the process of determine the location of a point on the earth’s surface, relative to other points with the help of measured horizontal distance, vertical…
Septic Tank – Types, Design Calculation
What is a septic tank? Septic tank is the underground, onsite, small scale sewage treatment setup, which collects the sewage for the decomposition activity by bacterial action. Sewage is a…
Brick Work – Types, Bonds,Tests
Introduction Construction evidences with brickwork from many parts of the world reflects the existence of brickwork even from prehistoric time and the impossibleness of construction without bricks. Brick work is…
Types of foundation repair
Before start on with types of foundation repair, any one may have the doubt, how to identify the foundation problems? For them, following are some of the reasons which may…